Artículos
Solapamiento entre experiencias de victimización y conductas delictivas en adolescentes de Latinoamérica
Un análisis centrado en las personas
Publicado
19-01-2026
Resumen
Este estudio analiza el solapamiento entre victimización y delincuencia en adolescentes escolarizados de 13 a 17 años de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, México y Venezuela. Se realizaron análisis de clases latentes considerando doce tipos de conductas delictivas y nueve formas de victimización experimentados en los últimos doce meses en contextos presenciales y virtuales por una muestra de 9849 adolescentes que respondieron la encuesta ISRD4. Se identificaron cuatro perfiles: libres de victimización y delincuencia (62 %), polivíctimas (23,5 %), solapamiento moderado (9,5 %) y solapamiento intenso (5 %). Los resultados variaron según género y edad: las mujeres de 16 y 17 años mostraron mayores probabilidades de ciberdelincuencia, mientras que los varones del mismo grupo etario presentaron mayores probabilidades de delincuencia general. Estos hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de programas preventivos diferenciados y culturalmente adaptados, así como de intervenciones que consideren tanto la victimización como la perpetración para una respuesta integral y efectiva.
Palabras clave:
Solapamiento, Victimización, Delincuencia, Adolescentes, LatinoaméricaReferencias
Altafim, E. R. y Linhares, M. B. (2025). Effectiveness evaluation of a violence prevention parenting program implemented at large scale: A randomized controlled trial. Psychosocial Intervention, 34(2), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2025a6
Atienzo, E. E. , Baxter, S. K. y Kaltenthaler, E. (2017). Interventions to prevent youth violence in Latin America: a systematic review. International Journal of Public Health, 62(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0909-6
Basto-Pereira, M. y Farrington, D. P. (2022). Developmental predictors of offending and persistence in crime: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 65, 101761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2022.101761
Beckley, A. L. , Caspi, A., Arseneault, L., Barnes, J. C. , Fisher, H. L. , Harrington, H., Houts, R., Morgan, N., Odgers, C. L. , Wertz, J. y Moffitt, T. E. (2018). The developmental nature of the victim-offender overlap. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 4(1), 24-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-017-0068-3
Berg, M. T. y Felson, R. (2020). A social interactionist approach to the victim-offender overlap. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 36(1), 153-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-019-09418-9
Berg, M. T. y Mulford, C. F. (2020). Reappraising and redirecting research on the victim-offender overlap. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017735925
Berg, M. T. y Schreck, C. J. (2022). The meaning of the victim-offender overlap for criminological theory and crime prevention policy. Annual Review of Criminology, 5, 277-297. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-030920-120724
Birkbeck, C., Hazel, N. y Bailey, L. (2022). L. coexistencia de la victimización y la conducta problemática en la vida juvenil: una revisión sistemática. CENIPEC - Centro de Investigaciones Penales y Criminológicas, 34, 51-105.
Branson, C. E. , Baetz, C. L. , Horwitz, S. M. y Hoagwood, K. E. (2017). Trauma-informed juvenile justice systems: A systematic review of definitions and core components. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(6), 635-646. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000255
Broidy, L. y Nyce, M. (2022). Extending learning, control, and strain perspectives to explain the gender gap and female offending. E. S. L. B. own y L. G. lsthorpe (Eds.). The Wiley Handbook on What Works with Girls and Women in Conflict with the Law (pp. 34-45). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119874898.ch3
Burden, M. (2023). The cybercrime victim-offender overlap: Evaluating predictors for victims, offenders, victim-offenders, and those who are neither. Victims & Offenders, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2159598
Burt, S. A. (2009). Are there meaningful etiological differences within antisocial behavior? Results of a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.12.004
Catalano, R. F. , Skinner, M. L. , Alvarado, G., Kapungu, C., Reavley, N., Patton, G. C. , Jessee, C., Plaut, D., Moss, C., Bennett, K., Sawyer, S. M. , Sebany, M., Sexton, M., Olenik, C. y Petroni, S. (2019). Positive youth development programs in low- and middle-income countries: Aconceptual framework and systematic review of efficacy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 65(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.024
Chávez-Valdez, S. M. y Velasco-Moreno, L. G. R. (2023). Efectividad de las intervenciones comunitarias para la reducción de violencia en juventudes vulnerables. Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología Nueva Época, 5, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.62364/cneip.5.2023.174
Cheung, N. W. T. y Yao, W. (2024). Assessing the victim-perpetrator overlap in adolescent dating violence in China: A Latent Class Analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241303960
Clark, S. y Muthén, B. (2009). Relating Latent Class Analysis results to variables not included in the analysis. https://www.statmodel.com/download/relatinglca.pdf
Collins, L. M. y Lanza, S. T. (2009). Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470567333
Cuevas, C. A. , Sabina, C., Cudmore Kendall, R., Picard, E. y Goggin, K. (2022). Understanding the Victimization-Delinquency Overlap Among Latino Adolescents: The Role of Cultural and Mental Health Factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), 449-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520912584
Davis, J. P. , Ingram, K. M. , Merrin, G. J. y Espelage, D. L. (2020). Exposure to parental and community violence and the relationship to bullying perpetration and victimization among early adolescents: A parallel process growth mixture latent transition analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12493
División de las Estadísticas de las Naciones Unidas (2024). Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2024/SG-SDG-Progress-Report-2024-advanced-unedited-version.pdf
Donner, C. M. , Jennings, W. G. y Banfield, J. (2015). The general nature of online and offline offending among college students. Social Science Computer Review, 33(6), 663-679. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314555949
Drummond, H., Dizgun, J. y Keeling, D. (2016). Role differentiation in an adolescent victim-offender typology: Results from Medellin, Colombia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(18), 3080-3107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515584340
Edwards, K. M. , Banyard, V. L. , Sessarego, S. N. , Waterman, E. A. , Mitchell, K. J. y Chang, H. (2019). Evaluation of a bystander-focused interpersonal violence prevention program with high school students. Prevention Science, 20(4), 488-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-01000-w
Enzmann, D., Kivivuori, J., Haen Marshall, I., Steketee, M., Hough, M. y Killias, M. (2018). A global perspective on young people as offenders and victims. First results from the ISRD. study. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63233-9
Farrington, D. P. , Gaffney, H. y White, H. (2022). Effectiveness of 12 types of interventions in reducing juvenile offending and antisocial behaviour. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 64(4), 47-68. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2022-0022
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K. y Turner, H. (2007). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(1), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008
Fry, D., Padilla, K., Germanio, A., Lu, M., Ivatury, S. y Vindrola, S. (2021). Violencia contra niños, niñas y adolescentes en América Latina y el Caribe 2015-2021: Una revisión sistemática-Resumen Ejecutivo. E. Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (Unicef). https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43746/1/S1800190_es.pdf
Fundación Huésped y ATTTA (2021). Estudio ESTHAR. E. periencias de salud, violencia y acceso a derechos de personas trans e identidades no binaries en Argentina. Fundación Huésped. https://www.huesped.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Informe-Estudio-Esthar.pdf
Gebo, E., Rebellon, C. J. y Turner, H. A. (2022). Specifying the nature of the victim-offender overlap: A gendered analysis of victimization and offending subtypes. Victims & Offenders, 17(3), 372-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.1970066
Haen Marshall, I., Birkbeck, C., Enzmann, D., Kivivuori, J., Markina, A. y Steketee, M. (2022). International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD4) study protocol: Background, methodology and mandatory items for the 2021/2022 survey (ISRD Technical Report #4). Northeastern University.
Hawkins, J. D. , Oesterle, S., Brown, E. C. , Arthur, M. W. , Abbott, R. D. , Fagan, A. A. y Catalano, R. F. (2009). Results of a type 2 translational research trial to prevent adolescent drug use and delinquency. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(9), 789. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.141
Herrenkohl, T. I. , Hong, S. y Verbrugge, B. (2019). Trauma‐informed programs based in schools: Linking concepts to practices and assessing the evidence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 64(3-4), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12362
Howard, M. C. y Hoffman, M. E. (2018). Variable-centered, person-centered, and person-specific approaches. Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 846-876. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428117744021
Jennings, W. G. , Piquero, A. R. y Reingle, J. M. (2012). On the overlap between victimization and offending: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.003
Le, M. T. H., Holton, S., Romero, L. y Fisher, J. (2018). Polyvictimization among children and adolescents in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(3), 323-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016659489
Lin, K., Zhou, Y., Xu, B. y Chang, L. Y. C. (2024). A Latent Class Analysis of online victim-offender overlap among chinese youth: Examining overlap risks across online deviance types. Crime y Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287241266589
Loeber, R. y Farrington, D. P. (2014). Age-crime curve. E. G. Bruinsma y D. Weisburd (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice (pp. 12-18). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_474
Lubke, G. H. y Muthén, B. (2005). Investigating population heterogeneity with factor mixture models. Psychological Methods, 10(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.10.1.21
Luther, A. W. , Leatherdale, S. T. , Dubin, J. A. y Ferro, M. A. (2024). Classifying patterns of delinquent behaviours and experiences of victimization: A Latent Class Analysis among children. Child y Youth Care Forum, 53(3), 693-717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-023-09767-4
McNaughton Reyes, H. L. , Foshee, V. A. , Chen, M. S. y Ennett, S. T. (2019). Patterns of adolescent aggression and victimization: Sex differences and correlates. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 28(9), 1130-1150. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2018.1466843
Mellado, C. y Méndez-Bustos, P. (2021). Heterogeneidad en el involucramiento en acoso escolar: un análisis de clases latentes. Revista Electrónica Educare, 25(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.25-3.4
Miley, L. N. , Fox, B., Muniz, C. N. , Perkins, R. y DeLisi, M. (2020). Does childhood victimization predict specific adolescent offending? A. analysis of generality versus specificity in the victim-offender overlap. Child Abuse y Neglect, 101(diciembre de 2019), 104328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104328
Morduchowicz, R. (2012). Los adolescentes y las redes sociales: la construcción de la identidad juvenil en Internet. Fondo de Cultura Económica Argentina.
Morduchowicz, R. (2022). Adolescentes, participación y ciudadanía digital. Fondo de Cultura Económica Argentina.
Muthén, B. y Muthén, L. (2000). Person-centered and variable-centered analyses: Growth mixture modeling with Latent Trajectory Classes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(6), 882-891.
Muthén, L. y Muthén, B. (2017). Mplus user’s guide. Muthén y Muthén.
Naciones Unidas (2015). Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible. https://www.un.org/es/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1
Nasaescu, E., Zych, I., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Farrington, D. P. y Llorent, V. J. (2020). Longitudinal patterns of antisocial behaviors in early adolescence: A Latent Class And Latent Transition Analysis. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 12(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2020a10
Nieuwbeerta, P., Blokland, A. A. J., Piquero, A. R. y Sweeten, G. (2011). A Life-Course Analysis of offense specialization across age: Introducing a new method for studying individual specialization over the life course. Crime & Delinquency, 57(1), 3-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128710376336
Nylund-Gibson, K. y Choi, A. Y. (2018). Ten frequently asked questions about Latent Class Analysis. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 4(4), 440-461. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000176
Nylund, K. L. , Asparouhov, T. y Muthén, B. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in Latent Class Analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575396
Oficina de las Naciones Unidades contra las Drogas y el Delito (2023). Global Study on Homicide 2023. https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/gsh/2023/Global_study_on_homicide_2023_web.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2019a). Manual INSPIRE. medidas destinadas a implementar las siete estrategias para poner fin a la violencia contra los niños. Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2019b). School-based violence prevention: A practical handbook. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Licence: C. BY. NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2020). Global status report on preventing violence against children. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Licence: C. BY. NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Parti, K., Dearden, T. E. y Hawdon, J. (2022). Understanding the overlap of online offending and victimization: Using Cluster Analysis to examine group differences. Victims & Offenders, 17(5), 712-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2036655
Pires, A. R. y Almeida, T. C. (2024). Risk factors of poly-victimization and the impact on delinquency in youth: A systematic review. Crime & Delinquency, 70(9), 2469-2487. https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221148656
Posick, C. (2013). The overlap between offending and victimization among adolescents: Results from the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 29(1), 106-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986212471250
Reid, J. A. y Sullivan, C. J. (2012). Unraveling victim-offender overlap: Exploring profiles and constellations of risk. Victims & Offenders, 7(3), 327-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2012.685216
Reingle, J. M. y Maldonado-Molina, M. M. (2012). Victimization and violent offending. International Criminal Justice Review, 22(2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567712443966
Rincón, P., Cova, F., Saldivia, S., Bustos, C., Grandón, P., Inostroza, C., Streiner, D., Bühring, V. y King, M. (2018). Effectiveness of a Positive Parental Practices Training Program for Chilean preschoolers’ families: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01751
Rodríguez, J. A. , Pérez-Santiago, N. y Birkbeck, C. (2015). Surveys as cultural artefacts: Applying the International Self-Report Delinquency Study to Latin American adolescents. European Journal of Criminology, 12(4), 420-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370815581701
Romero-Méndez, C. A. , Rojas-Solís, J. L. y Greathouse Amador, L. M. (2021). Co-ocurrencia de distintos tipos de violencia interpersonal en adolescentes mexicanos. Pedagogia Social Revista Interuniversitaria, 38. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2021.38.09
Sabina, C., Wills, C., Robles, G. y Cuevas, C. A. (2022). Victimization of sexual minority latinx youth: Results from a national survey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(23-24), NP23513-NP23526. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221076168
Semenza, D. C. (2021). Gender differences in the victim-offender relationship for on- and offline youth violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(19-20), 9255-9276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519864358
Sessarego, S. N. , Siller, L. y Edwards, K. M. (2021). Patterns of violence victimization and perpetration among adolescents using Latent Class Analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(19-20), 9167-9186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519862272
Sijtsema, J. J. y Lindenberg, S. M. (2018). Peer influence in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior: Advances from dynamic social network studies. Developmental Review, 50, 140-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.08.002
Siller, L., Edwards, K. M. y Banyard, V. (2022). Violence typologies among youth: A Latent Class Analysis of middle and high school youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3-4), 1023-1048. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520922362
Turanovic, J. y Pratt, T. C. (2023). Thinking about victimization. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003269557
Unicef (2022). Voces de adolescentes con discapacidad sobre la violencia y discriminación en la familia, escuela y comunidad: Una consulta rápida en 11 países de América Latina. Oficina Regional de Unicef para América Latina y el Caribe. https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/38026/file/Consulta-bullying.pdf#page=9.18
Weller, B. E. , Bowen, N. K. y Faubert, S. J. (2020). Latent Class Analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 287-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420930932
Whiteside, L. K. , Ranney, M. L. , Chermack, S. T. , Zimmerman, M. A. , Cunningham, R. M. y Walton, M. A. (2013). The Overlap of Youth Violence Among Aggressive The overlap of youth violence among aggressive adolescents with past-year alcohol use - A Latent Class Analysis: Aggression and victimization in peer and dating violence in an inner city emergency department sa. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74(1), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2013.74.125
Categorías
Cómo citar
Agencias de apoyo
- En Argentina este estudio fue financiado por el Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2019, Programa de Movilidad Federal 2023) y por la Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (PIDTA 2023).
- En Brasil el estudio fue financiando por la Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), números de proceso 2021/04732-2 y 2022/10125-4.
Descargas
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Karin Arbach, Micaela Guibert, Antonella Bobbio, Marina Rezende, Solbey Morillo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.