Artículos
Las Experiencias de los Adolescentes con el Delito ¿Afectan su Postura Moral ante la Delincuencia?
Publicado
23-01-2026
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo las experiencias con el delito, ya sea como víctima o como infractor, influyen en la postura moral de los adolescentes ante la delincuencia. Se utilizaron datos de la cuarta edición del International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD4), recolectados en 92 escuelas de seis ciudades de Argentina, Brasil y Venezuela, con una muestra total de 5407 estudiantes de entre 13 y 17 años. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron efectos directos de las experiencias previas con la victimización y la conducta delictiva sobre la postura moral actual, evaluada a través de las creencias morales y la vergüenza anticipada (si fueran descubiertos cometiendo un delito). Este efecto fue mediado por la cercanía con los padres y con amigos infractores. Se discuten las implicancias de los hallazgos destacando el rol que la prevención del delito puede tener en la postura moral de los adolescentes.
Palabras clave:
creencias morales, vergüenza anticipada, victimización, conducta delictiva, ISRDReferencias
Atari, M., Lai, M. H. C., & Dehghani, M. (2020). Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 287(1937), 20201201. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1201
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322
Berg, M. T., & Schreck, C. J. (2022). The meaning of the victim-offender overlap for criminological theory and crime prevention policy. Annual Review of Criminology, 5, 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-030920-120724
Birkbeck, C., Hazel, N., & Bailey, L. (2022). La coexistencia de la victimización y la conducta problemática en la vida juvenil: una revisión sistemática. CENIPEC – Centro de Investigaciones Penales y Criminológicas, 34, 51–105.
Birkbeck, C., & LaFree, G. (1993). The Situational Analysis of Crime and Deviance. Annual Review of Sociology, 19(1), 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.000553
Birkbeck, C., & Smith, G. (2024). Moral work in victim–offender meetings. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 24(1), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958221095976
Clifford, S., Iyengar, V., Cabeza, R., & Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2015). Moral foundations vignettes: a standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory. Behavior Research Methods, 47(4), 1178–1198. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0551-2
Ellemers, N., van der Toorn, J., Paunov, Y., & van Leeuwen, T. (2019). The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(4), 332–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318811759
Erdmann, A., & Reinecke, J. (2021). What influences the victimization of high-level offenders? A dual trajectory analysis of the victim–offender overlap from the perspective of routine activities with peer groups. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17–18), NP9317–NP9343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519854556
González Moreno, A., & Molero Jurado, M. del M. (2022). The moderating role of family functionality in prosocial behaviour and school climate in adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010590
Graham, J., & Valdesolo, P. (2018). Morality. In The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology (pp. 317–342). Oxford University Press.
Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger, E., Gasser, L., & Malti, T. (2010). Moral emotions and moral judgments in children’s narratives: Comparing real-life and hypothetical transgressions. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2010(129), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.273
Hall, A., Wooton, K., & Hutton, A. (2013). Bystander Experiences at and after a Motor Vehicle Accident: A Review of the Literature. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.10.4.54
Hardy, S. A. (2006). Identity, Reasoning, and Emotion: An Empirical Comparison of Three Sources of Moral Motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9034-9
Haynie, D. L., South, S. J., & Bose, S. (2006). The company you keep: Adolescent mobility and peer behavior. Sociological Inquiry, 76(3), 397–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2006.00161.x
Hofmann, W., Wisneski, D. C., Brandt, M. J., & Skitka, L. J. (2014). Morality in everyday life. Science, 345(6202), 1340–1343. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251560
Kim, J., & Lee, Y. (2022). Developmental trajectories and predictors of delinquent peer association. Deviant Behavior, 43(12), 1523–1542. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2021.1996214
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5.ª ed.). Guilford Press.
Laible, D., Carlo, G., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (Eds.). (2019). The Oxford handbook of parenting and moral development. Oxford Academic.
Luo, A., & Bussey, K. (2023). Moral disengagement in youth: A meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 70, 101101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2023.101101
Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.3.519
Marshall, I. H., Birkbeck, C., Enzmann, D., Kivivuori, J., Markina, A., & Steketee, M. (2022). International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD4) study protocol: Background, methodology and mandatory items for the 2021/2022 survey (ISRD Technical Report #4). Northeastern University.
Marshall, I. H., & Marshall, C. (2018). Shame and wrong: Is there a common morality among young people in France, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and the USA? In S. Roché & M. Hough (Eds.), Minority Youth and Social Integration: The ISRD-3 Study in Europe and the US (pp. 29–60). Springer.
Moore, C. (2015). Moral disengagement. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018
Nuñez-Fadda, S. M., Castro-Castañeda, R., Vargas-Jiménez, E., Musitu-Ochoa, G., & Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E. (2022). Impact of Bullying—Victimization and Gender over Psychological Distress, Suicidal Ideation, and Family Functioning of Mexican Adolescents. Children, 9(5), 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050747
Obermann, M. L. (2011). Moral disengagement in self‐reported and peer‐nominated school bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 37(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20378
Obermann, M. L. (2013). Temporal aspects of moral disengagement in school bullying: Crystallization or escalation? Journal of School Violence, 12(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2013.766133
O’Neill, J., & Vogel, M. (2020). School cohesion perception discrepancy and student delinquency. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(7), 1492–1502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01170-4
Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
Sampson, R. J., & Bartusch, D. J. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law & Society Review, 32(4), 777–804. https://doi.org/10.2307/827739
Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
Sijtsema, J. J., & Lindenberg, S. M. (2018). Peer influence in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior: Advances from dynamic social network studies. Developmental Review, 50, 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.08.002
Steketee, M. (2012). The lifestyles of youth and their peers. In J. Junger-Tas, I. H. Marshall, D. Enzmann, M. Killias, M. Steketee, & B. Gruszczyńska (Eds.), The Many Faces of Youth Crime. Contrasting Theoretical Perspectives on Juvenile Delinquency across Countries and Cultures (pp. 237–255). Springer.
Svensson, R., Pauwels, L. J. R., Weerman, F. M., & Bruinsma, G. J. N. (2017). Explaining individual changes in moral values and moral emotions among adolescent boys and girls: A fixed-effects analysis. European Journal of Criminology, 14(3), 290–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370816649626
UNICEF. (2024). Uso del tiempo entre los y las adolescentes en América Latina. https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/50251/file/Uso del tiempo entra las y los adolescentes en America Latina Marzo 2024.pdf.pdf
Wainryb, C., Brehl, B. A., & Matwin, S. (2005). Being hurt and hurting others: Children’s narrative accounts and moral judgments of their own interpersonal conflicts: IV. Narrative accounts and development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70(3), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00353.x
Wang, X., Lei, L., Liu, D., & Hu, H. (2016). Moderating effects of moral reasoning and gender on the relation between moral disengagement and cyberbullying in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.056
Welsh, D. T., Ordóñez, L. D., Snyder, D. G., & Christian, M. S. (2015). The slippery slope: How small ethical transgressions pave the way for larger future transgressions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036950
Wikström, P.-O., & Butterworth, D. (2006). Adolescent Crime: Individual differences and lifestyles. Willan. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781843925712
Wikström, P.-O., Oberwittler, D., Treiber, K., & Hardie, B. (2012). Breaking Rules: The social and situational dynamics of young people’s urban crime. Oxford University Press.
Wilcox, P., & Land, K. (2017). Social disorganization and criminal opportunity. In F. T. Cullen, P. Wilcox, R. J. Sampson, & B. D. Dooley (Eds.), Challenging criminological theory (pp. 237–258). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315081601
Zhao, R., & Cao, L. (2010). Social Change and Anomie: A Cross-National Study. Social Forces, 88(3), 1209–1229. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0312
Zimmerman, G. M., & Messner, S. F. (2010). Neighborhood context and the gender gap in adolescent violent crime. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 958–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386688
Categorías
Cómo citar
Agencias de apoyo
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación de la Nación Argentina
- Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (proyecto 2021/04732-2, 2022/10125-4)
Descargas
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Christopher Birkbeck, Karin Arbach, Rafaelle CS Costa, Antonella Bobbio, Marina Rezende Bazon, Juan Antonio Rodriguez, Neelie Pérez Santiago
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.